Author, 'Acts of God and Man: Ruminations on Risk and Insurance'
I believe that the careful consideration of fringe science is useful both for understanding exactly what is meant by
scientific methods and for demonstrating the appropriate and transparent application of those methods.
The topic that was dangling at the forefront of most
American’s minds at the ...
PNS is a model of the scientific process pioneered by
Jerome Ravetz and Silvio Funtowicz, which describes the peculiar challenges science encounters where “facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent.” Unlike “normal” science in the sense described by the philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn, post-normal science commonly crosses disciplinary lines and involves new methods, instruments and experimental systems.
Judith Curry, a professor at Georgia Tech, weighs the wisdom of taking the plunge on PNS in an excellent piece called “Reasoning about climate uncertainty.” Drawing on the work of Dutch wunderkind,
Jeroen van der Sluijs, Curry calls on the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to stop marginalizing uncertainty and get real about bias in the consensus building process. Curry writes:
The consensus approach being used by the IPCC has failed to produce a thorough portrayal of the complexities of the problem and the associated uncertainties in our understanding . . . Better characterization of uncertainty and ignorance and a more realistic portrayal of confidence levels could go a long way towards reducing the “noise” and animosity portrayed in the media that fuels the public distrust of climate science and acts to stymie the policy process.
PNS is especially seductive in the context of uncertainty. Not surprisingly, Curry suggests that instituting PNS-like strategies at the IPCC “could go a long way towards reducing the ‘noise’ and animosity” surrounding climate-change science.
While I personally believe PNS is persuasive, the PNS model provokes something closer to revulsion in many people. Last year, members of the U.S. House of Representatives filed a petition challenging the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‘s Greenhouse Gas Endangerment seemed less sanguine about post-normal science:
. . . the conclusions of organizing bodies, especially the IPCC, cannot be said to reflect scientific “consensus” in any meaningful sense of that word. Instead, they reflect a political movement that has commandeered science to the service of its agenda. This is “post-normal science”: the long-dreaded arrival of deconstructionism to the natural sciences, according to which scientific quality is determined not by its fidelity to truth, but by its fidelity to the political agenda.
It seems unlikely that taking the PNS plunge would appreciably improve the U.S. public’s perception of the credibility, legitimacy and salience of climate-change assessments.
* 90% of online statistics are made up on the spot
NATO, in a sweeping July 2011 directive, ordered all units to cease handovers to the notorious Afghan intelligence service, the National Directorate of Security, and to the Afghan National Police and Afghan Border Police.
Canada’s top military commander, Gen. Walt Natynczyk, “deemed it was appropriate to Canadian-captured detainees to be redirected to another facility,” said a July 15, 2011, briefing note prepared for Defence Minister Peter MacKay.
Diplomats at Foreign Affairs began negotiations almost immediately to send prisoners to a U.S. detention facility in Parwan, located outside of Bagram Airfield, north of Kabul.
The Americans have since agreed to
give control of the prison and its 3,000 detainees to the Afghans.
How is that likely to work out
The New York-based group called for Baghdad to start an independent investigation into
allegations of torture and mistreatment, as well as other issues, at Camp Honour and ...
www.telegraph.co.uk/.../iraq/9266472/Iraq...notorious-detention-centre-group-claims.html
Ascribing to incompetence that which seems to be villainy
Coverage
U.S. Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta arrived in Afghanistan to meet with NATO and Afghan leaders, visit with American troops, and assess the situation on the ground.
Story |
Special |
Photos
Why Is President Obama Sending 12, 000 U.S. Troops To Libya?
The “Arab Spring” has sprung and the indelible fingerprints of malignant foreign financed operations must be erased if the people are to have a chance to truly govern themselves. Unfortunately, these foreign-inspired organizations are present and operating in just about every country in the world. The threat is ever-present like sleeping cells–all that is needed is that the right word to “activate” be given. Both Daniel Ortega and Hugo Chavez can write tomes on the impact of the National Endowment for Democracy in the political life of their countries.
In other words, those who create the chaos have a plan and in the midst of chaos, they usually are the ones who will win. Those who wrote the plan of this chaos were affiliated with the Project for a New American Century–read A Clean Break if you already haven't. General Wesley Clark told us of the plan to invade and destroy the governments of seven countries in five years: Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, and Iran. “These people took control of the policy in the United States,” Clark continues. He concludes, “This country was taken over by a group of people with a policy coup: Wolfowitz, Cheney, Rumsfeld, and . . . collaborators from the Project for a New American Century: they wanted us to destabilize the Middle East.”
Supreme Court hears Khawaja appeal of anti-terrorism law
( Rather reminds me of 7 Stages of a Project, it is so backwards
Seven
Stages of a
Project ... Phase 6
: Punishment of the innocent Phase
7: Promotion of nonparticipants
everything2.com/title/Seven+Stages+of+a+Project
Posted on: Monday, June 11, 2012
Posted at: 2:20 AM
This is Update #4 of the Red Deer River Oil Spill…
Posted at 10:30 on June 11, 2012 by bigcitylib
Posted at 9:15 on June 11, 2012 by Warren
Remember 308.com? They were the ones who, repeatedly and without qualification, declared that Wildrose would win a huge majority in Alberta. Now, they’re making similarly bold predictions about Ontario, here. Why is this bullshit still happening? One...
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